
Espresso
If your espresso races through the puck and the shot finishes before it has had time to develop, the problem is usually related to resistance in the coffee bed. Here is how to isolate the cause without changing everything at once.

French Press
A bitter French press can be caused by too much extraction, but the useful part is figuring out which brewing variable is pushing the cup too far.

Pour Over
Sour V60 coffee is often a sign that the cup has not extracted enough. The good news is that a few controlled changes can usually move it toward a sweeter, more balanced result.

Coffee Grinders
A grinder that creates a lot of powdery fines can make brewing less predictable. Some fines are normal, but their amount and distribution can point to the grinder, burrs or the way the grinder is being used.

Coffee Makers
Weak drip coffee is often blamed on the machine, but the first things to check are the amount of coffee, the water volume and the grind. Those variables explain a surprising number of bland cups.